1. 什么是Vue.nextTick()?
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官方文檔解釋如下:
在下次DOM更新循環(huán)結(jié)束之后執(zhí)行的延遲回調(diào)。在修改數(shù)據(jù)之后立即使用這個(gè)方法,獲取更新后的DOM。
2. 為什么要使用nextTick?
演示Vue {{name}}
如上代碼 在頁(yè)面視圖上顯示bb,但是當(dāng)我在控制臺(tái)打印的時(shí)候,獲取的文本內(nèi)容還是 aa,但是使用 nextTick后,獲取的文本內(nèi)容就是最新的內(nèi)容bb了,因此在這種情況下,我們可以使用nextTick函數(shù)了。
上面的代碼為什么改變this.name = 'bb';后,再使用console.log(this.$el.textContent);打印的值還是aa呢?那是因?yàn)樵O(shè)置name的值后,DOM還沒(méi)有更新到,所以獲取值還是之前的值,但是我們放到nextTick函數(shù)里面的時(shí)候,代碼會(huì)在DOM更新后執(zhí)行,因此DOM更新后,再去獲取元素的值就可以獲取到最新值了。
理解DOM更新:在VUE中,當(dāng)我們修改了data中的某一個(gè)值后,并不會(huì)立即反應(yīng)到該el中,vue將對(duì)更改的數(shù)據(jù)放到watcher的一個(gè)異步隊(duì)列中,只有在當(dāng)前任務(wù)空閑時(shí)才會(huì)執(zhí)行watcher隊(duì)列任務(wù),這就有一個(gè)延遲時(shí)間,因此放到 nextTick函數(shù)后就可以獲取該el的最新值了。如果我們把上面的nextTick改成setTimeout也是可以的。
3. Vue源碼詳解之nextTick(源碼在 vue/src/core/util/env.js)
在理解nextTick源碼之前,我們先來(lái)理解下 html5中新增的 MutationObserver的API,它的作用是用來(lái)監(jiān)聽(tīng)DOM變動(dòng)的接口,它能監(jiān)聽(tīng)一個(gè)dom對(duì)象發(fā)生的子節(jié)點(diǎn)刪除,屬性修改,文本內(nèi)容修改等等。
nextTick源碼如下:
export const nextTick = (function () { const callbacks = [] let pending = false let timerFunc function nextTickHandler () { pending = false; /* 之所以要slice復(fù)制一份出來(lái)是因?yàn)橛械腸b執(zhí)行過(guò)程中又會(huì)往callbacks中加入內(nèi)容,比如$nextTick的回調(diào)函數(shù)里又有$nextTick, 那么這些應(yīng)該放入到下一個(gè)輪次的nextTick去執(zhí)行,所以拷貝一份,遍歷完成即可,防止一直循環(huán)下去。 */ const copies = callbacks.slice(0) callbacks.length = 0 for (let i = 0; i < copies.length; i++) { copies[i]() } } // the nextTick behavior leverages the microtask queue, which can be accessed // via either native Promise.then or MutationObserver. // MutationObserver has wider support, however it is seriously bugged in // UIWebView in iOS >= 9.3.3 when triggered in touch event handlers. It // completely stops working after triggering a few times... so, if native // Promise is available, we will use it: /* istanbul ignore if */ /* nextTick行為利用了microtask隊(duì)列, 先使用 Promise.resolve().then(nextTickHandler)來(lái)將異步回調(diào) 放入到microtask中,Promise 和 MutationObserver都可以使用,但是 MutationObserver 在IOS9.3以上的 WebView中有bug,因此如果滿足第一項(xiàng)的話就可以執(zhí)行,如果沒(méi)有原生Promise就用 MutationObserver。 */ if (typeof Promise !== 'undefined' && isNative(Promise)) { var p = Promise.resolve() var logError = err => { console.error(err) } timerFunc = () => { p.then(nextTickHandler).catch(logError) // in problematic UIWebViews, Promise.then doesn't completely break, but // it can get stuck in a weird state where callbacks are pushed into the // microtask queue but the queue isn't being flushed, until the browser // needs to do some other work, e.g. handle a timer. Therefore we can // "force" the microtask queue to be flushed by adding an empty timer. if (isIOS) setTimeout(noop) } } else if (typeof MutationObserver !== 'undefined' && ( isNative(MutationObserver) || // PhantomJS and iOS 7.x MutationObserver.toString() === '[object MutationObserverConstructor]' )) { // use MutationObserver where native Promise is not available, // e.g. PhantomJS IE11, iOS7, Android 4.4 /* 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)MutationObserver,observe監(jiān)聽(tīng)到DOM改動(dòng)之后執(zhí)行的回調(diào) nextTickHandler */ var counter = 1 var observer = new MutationObserver(nextTickHandler) var textNode = document.createTextNode(String(counter)); // 使用MutationObserver的接口,監(jiān)聽(tīng)文本節(jié)點(diǎn)的字符內(nèi)容 observer.observe(textNode, { characterData: true }); /* 每次執(zhí)行timerFunc函數(shù)都會(huì)讓文本節(jié)點(diǎn)的內(nèi)容在0/1之間切換,切換之后將新賦值到那個(gè)我們MutationObserver監(jiān)聽(tīng)的文本節(jié)點(diǎn)上去。 */ timerFunc = () => { counter = (counter + 1) % 2 textNode.data = String(counter) } } else { // fallback to setTimeout /* 如果上面的兩種都不支持的話,我們就使用setTimeout來(lái)執(zhí)行 */ timerFunc = () => { setTimeout(nextTickHandler, 0) } } return function queueNextTick (cb?: Function, ctx?: Object) { let _resolve callbacks.push(() => { if (cb) { try { cb.call(ctx) } catch (e) { handleError(e, ctx, 'nextTick') } } else if (_resolve) { _resolve(ctx) } }); /* 如果pending為true,表明本輪事件循環(huán)中已經(jīng)執(zhí)行過(guò) timerFunc(nextTickHandler, 0) */ if (!pending) { pending = true timerFunc() } if (!cb && typeof Promise !== 'undefined') { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { _resolve = resolve }) } } })()
整體思路理解:首先 nextTick 是一個(gè)閉包函數(shù),代碼立即執(zhí)行,在理解整體代碼之前,我們先來(lái)看個(gè)類似的demo,如下代碼:
演示Vue
demo代碼和上面的代碼很類似。
我們也可以再來(lái)抽離使用nextTick做demo代碼如下:
var nextTick2 = (function(){ const callbacks = []; let pending = false; let timerFunc; function nextTickHandler () { pending = false const copies = callbacks.slice(0) callbacks.length = 0 for (let i = 0; i < copies.length; i++) { copies[i]() } } if (typeof Promise !== 'undefined') { var p = Promise.resolve() var logError = err => { console.error(err) } timerFunc = () => { p.then(nextTickHandler).catch(logError) } } else if (typeof MutationObserver !== 'undefined' || // PhantomJS and iOS 7.x MutationObserver.toString() === '[object MutationObserverConstructor]' ) { // use MutationObserver where native Promise is not available, // e.g. PhantomJS IE11, iOS7, Android 4.4 var counter = 1 var observer = new MutationObserver(nextTickHandler) var textNode = document.createTextNode(String(counter)) observer.observe(textNode, { characterData: true }) timerFunc = () => { counter = (counter + 1) % 2 textNode.data = String(counter) } } else { // fallback to setTimeout /* istanbul ignore next */ timerFunc = () => { setTimeout(nextTickHandler, 0) } } return function queueNextTick (cb, ctx) { let _resolve callbacks.push(() => { if (cb) { try { cb.call(ctx) } catch (e) { handleError(e, ctx, 'nextTick') } } else if (_resolve) { _resolve(ctx) } }) if (!pending) { pending = true timerFunc() } if (!cb && typeof Promise !== 'undefined') { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { _resolve = resolve }) } } })(); nextTick2(function(){ console.log(2222); });
如上代碼是nextTick源碼的抽離,為了更好的理解nextTick,做了如上的demo。
我們?cè)賮?lái)理解一下整體的代碼的含義;
先定義數(shù)組 callbacks = [];來(lái)存放所有需要執(zhí)行的回調(diào)函數(shù),定義let pending = false;判斷本輪事件是否執(zhí)行過(guò) timerFunc(nextTickHandler, 0)這個(gè)函數(shù),為true說(shuō)明執(zhí)行過(guò) timeFunc函數(shù),接著定義nextTickHandler函數(shù),該函數(shù)的作用是依次遍歷數(shù)組callbacks保存的函數(shù),依次執(zhí)行;
請(qǐng)看源代碼如下:
function nextTickHandler () { pending = false const copies = callbacks.slice(0) callbacks.length = 0 for (let i = 0; i < copies.length; i++) { copies[i]() } }
然后就是三個(gè)判斷了,代碼如下:
if (typeof Promise !== 'undefined' && isNative(Promise)) { var p = Promise.resolve(); var logError = err => { console.error(err) } timerFunc = () => { p.then(nextTickHandler).catch(logError); } else if (typeof MutationObserver !== 'undefined' && ( isNative(MutationObserver) || // PhantomJS and iOS 7.x MutationObserver.toString() === '[object MutationObserverConstructor]' )){ var counter = 1 var observer = new MutationObserver(nextTickHandler) var textNode = document.createTextNode(String(counter)) observer.observe(textNode, { characterData: true }) timerFunc = () => { counter = (counter + 1) % 2 textNode.data = String(counter) } } else { timerFunc = () => { setTimeout(nextTickHandler, 0) } }
首先判斷是否支持Promise對(duì)象,如果支持的話,定義了timeFunc()函數(shù),為了下一步調(diào)用做準(zhǔn)備,然后繼續(xù)判斷是否支持該對(duì)象 MutationObserver,如果支持的話,創(chuàng)建一個(gè)文本節(jié)點(diǎn),監(jiān)聽(tīng)該節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)是否發(fā)生改變,如果發(fā)生改變的話,調(diào)用timerFunc函數(shù),counter值會(huì)在0/1切換,如果值改變了的話,把該數(shù)據(jù)值賦值到data屬性上面去,那么data屬性發(fā)生改變了,就會(huì)重新渲染頁(yè)面(因?yàn)関ue是通過(guò)Object.defineProperty來(lái)監(jiān)聽(tīng)屬性值是否發(fā)生改變),如果上面兩種情況都不滿足的話,那么直接使用setTimeout來(lái)執(zhí)行nextTickHandler函數(shù)了;
最后nextTick代碼返回一個(gè)函數(shù),代碼如下:
return function queueNextTick (cb?: Function, ctx?: Object) { let _resolve callbacks.push(() => { if (cb) { try { cb.call(ctx) } catch (e) { handleError(e, ctx, 'nextTick') } } else if (_resolve) { _resolve(ctx) } }) if (!pending) { pending = true timerFunc() } if (!cb && typeof Promise !== 'undefined') { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { _resolve = resolve }) } }
代碼的含義是:傳入的cb是否是函數(shù),ctx參數(shù)是否是一個(gè)對(duì)象,如果cb是一個(gè)函數(shù)的話,使用cb.call(ctx), 如果timerFunc沒(méi)有執(zhí)行過(guò)的話,那么pending為false,因此執(zhí)行 timerFunc()函數(shù)?;镜乃悸肪褪沁@樣的。
以上就是本文的全部?jī)?nèi)容,希望對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助,也希望大家多多支持創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)。