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Vue中之nextTick函數(shù)源碼分析詳解

1. 什么是Vue.nextTick()?

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官方文檔解釋如下:

在下次DOM更新循環(huán)結(jié)束之后執(zhí)行的延遲回調(diào)。在修改數(shù)據(jù)之后立即使用這個(gè)方法,獲取更新后的DOM。

2. 為什么要使用nextTick?



 
 演示Vue
 
 
 
 

如上代碼 在頁(yè)面視圖上顯示bb,但是當(dāng)我在控制臺(tái)打印的時(shí)候,獲取的文本內(nèi)容還是 aa,但是使用 nextTick后,獲取的文本內(nèi)容就是最新的內(nèi)容bb了,因此在這種情況下,我們可以使用nextTick函數(shù)了。

上面的代碼為什么改變this.name = 'bb';后,再使用console.log(this.$el.textContent);打印的值還是aa呢?那是因?yàn)樵O(shè)置name的值后,DOM還沒(méi)有更新到,所以獲取值還是之前的值,但是我們放到nextTick函數(shù)里面的時(shí)候,代碼會(huì)在DOM更新后執(zhí)行,因此DOM更新后,再去獲取元素的值就可以獲取到最新值了。

理解DOM更新:在VUE中,當(dāng)我們修改了data中的某一個(gè)值后,并不會(huì)立即反應(yīng)到該el中,vue將對(duì)更改的數(shù)據(jù)放到watcher的一個(gè)異步隊(duì)列中,只有在當(dāng)前任務(wù)空閑時(shí)才會(huì)執(zhí)行watcher隊(duì)列任務(wù),這就有一個(gè)延遲時(shí)間,因此放到 nextTick函數(shù)后就可以獲取該el的最新值了。如果我們把上面的nextTick改成setTimeout也是可以的。

3. Vue源碼詳解之nextTick(源碼在 vue/src/core/util/env.js)

在理解nextTick源碼之前,我們先來(lái)理解下 html5中新增的 MutationObserver的API,它的作用是用來(lái)監(jiān)聽(tīng)DOM變動(dòng)的接口,它能監(jiān)聽(tīng)一個(gè)dom對(duì)象發(fā)生的子節(jié)點(diǎn)刪除,屬性修改,文本內(nèi)容修改等等。

nextTick源碼如下:

export const nextTick = (function () {
 const callbacks = []
 let pending = false
 let timerFunc

 function nextTickHandler () {
 pending = false;
 /*
  之所以要slice復(fù)制一份出來(lái)是因?yàn)橛械腸b執(zhí)行過(guò)程中又會(huì)往callbacks中加入內(nèi)容,比如$nextTick的回調(diào)函數(shù)里又有$nextTick,
  那么這些應(yīng)該放入到下一個(gè)輪次的nextTick去執(zhí)行,所以拷貝一份,遍歷完成即可,防止一直循環(huán)下去。
  */
 const copies = callbacks.slice(0)
 callbacks.length = 0
 for (let i = 0; i < copies.length; i++) {
  copies[i]()
 }
 }

 // the nextTick behavior leverages the microtask queue, which can be accessed
 // via either native Promise.then or MutationObserver.
 // MutationObserver has wider support, however it is seriously bugged in
 // UIWebView in iOS >= 9.3.3 when triggered in touch event handlers. It
 // completely stops working after triggering a few times... so, if native
 // Promise is available, we will use it:
 /* istanbul ignore if */
 /*
 nextTick行為利用了microtask隊(duì)列, 先使用 Promise.resolve().then(nextTickHandler)來(lái)將異步回調(diào)
 放入到microtask中,Promise 和 MutationObserver都可以使用,但是 MutationObserver 在IOS9.3以上的
 WebView中有bug,因此如果滿足第一項(xiàng)的話就可以執(zhí)行,如果沒(méi)有原生Promise就用 MutationObserver。
 */
 if (typeof Promise !== 'undefined' && isNative(Promise)) {
 var p = Promise.resolve()
 var logError = err => { console.error(err) }
 timerFunc = () => {
  p.then(nextTickHandler).catch(logError)
  // in problematic UIWebViews, Promise.then doesn't completely break, but
  // it can get stuck in a weird state where callbacks are pushed into the
  // microtask queue but the queue isn't being flushed, until the browser
  // needs to do some other work, e.g. handle a timer. Therefore we can
  // "force" the microtask queue to be flushed by adding an empty timer.
  if (isIOS) setTimeout(noop)
 }
 } else if (typeof MutationObserver !== 'undefined' && (
 isNative(MutationObserver) ||
 // PhantomJS and iOS 7.x
 MutationObserver.toString() === '[object MutationObserverConstructor]'
 )) {
 // use MutationObserver where native Promise is not available,
 // e.g. PhantomJS IE11, iOS7, Android 4.4
 /*
  創(chuàng)建一個(gè)MutationObserver,observe監(jiān)聽(tīng)到DOM改動(dòng)之后執(zhí)行的回調(diào) nextTickHandler 
  */
 var counter = 1
 var observer = new MutationObserver(nextTickHandler)
 var textNode = document.createTextNode(String(counter));
 // 使用MutationObserver的接口,監(jiān)聽(tīng)文本節(jié)點(diǎn)的字符內(nèi)容
 observer.observe(textNode, {
  characterData: true
 });
 /*
  每次執(zhí)行timerFunc函數(shù)都會(huì)讓文本節(jié)點(diǎn)的內(nèi)容在0/1之間切換,切換之后將新賦值到那個(gè)我們MutationObserver監(jiān)聽(tīng)的文本節(jié)點(diǎn)上去。
  */
 timerFunc = () => {
  counter = (counter + 1) % 2
  textNode.data = String(counter)
 }
 } else {
 // fallback to setTimeout
 /*
  如果上面的兩種都不支持的話,我們就使用setTimeout來(lái)執(zhí)行
  */
 timerFunc = () => {
  setTimeout(nextTickHandler, 0)
 }
 }

 return function queueNextTick (cb?: Function, ctx?: Object) {
 let _resolve
 callbacks.push(() => {
  if (cb) {
  try {
   cb.call(ctx)
  } catch (e) {
   handleError(e, ctx, 'nextTick')
  }
  } else if (_resolve) {
  _resolve(ctx)
  }
 });
 /* 如果pending為true,表明本輪事件循環(huán)中已經(jīng)執(zhí)行過(guò) timerFunc(nextTickHandler, 0) */
 if (!pending) {
  pending = true
  timerFunc()
 }
 if (!cb && typeof Promise !== 'undefined') {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  _resolve = resolve
  })
 }
 }
})()

整體思路理解:首先 nextTick 是一個(gè)閉包函數(shù),代碼立即執(zhí)行,在理解整體代碼之前,我們先來(lái)看個(gè)類似的demo,如下代碼:



 
 演示Vue
 
 
 

demo代碼和上面的代碼很類似。

我們也可以再來(lái)抽離使用nextTick做demo代碼如下:

var nextTick2 = (function(){
 const callbacks = [];
 let pending = false;
 let timerFunc;

 function nextTickHandler () {
 pending = false
 const copies = callbacks.slice(0)
 callbacks.length = 0
 for (let i = 0; i < copies.length; i++) {
  copies[i]()
 }
 }
 if (typeof Promise !== 'undefined') {
 var p = Promise.resolve()
 var logError = err => { console.error(err) }
 timerFunc = () => {
  p.then(nextTickHandler).catch(logError)
 }
 } else if (typeof MutationObserver !== 'undefined' ||
 // PhantomJS and iOS 7.x
 MutationObserver.toString() === '[object MutationObserverConstructor]'
 ) {
 // use MutationObserver where native Promise is not available,
 // e.g. PhantomJS IE11, iOS7, Android 4.4
 var counter = 1
 var observer = new MutationObserver(nextTickHandler)
 var textNode = document.createTextNode(String(counter))
 observer.observe(textNode, {
  characterData: true
 })
 timerFunc = () => {
  counter = (counter + 1) % 2
  textNode.data = String(counter)
 }
 } else {
 // fallback to setTimeout
 /* istanbul ignore next */
 timerFunc = () => {
  setTimeout(nextTickHandler, 0)
 }
 }
 return function queueNextTick (cb, ctx) {
 let _resolve
 callbacks.push(() => {
  if (cb) {
  try {
   cb.call(ctx)
  } catch (e) {
   handleError(e, ctx, 'nextTick')
  }
  } else if (_resolve) {
  _resolve(ctx)
  }
 })
 if (!pending) {
  pending = true
  timerFunc()
 }
 if (!cb && typeof Promise !== 'undefined') {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  _resolve = resolve
  })
 }
 }
})();
nextTick2(function(){
 console.log(2222);
});

如上代碼是nextTick源碼的抽離,為了更好的理解nextTick,做了如上的demo。

我們?cè)賮?lái)理解一下整體的代碼的含義;

先定義數(shù)組 callbacks = [];來(lái)存放所有需要執(zhí)行的回調(diào)函數(shù),定義let pending = false;判斷本輪事件是否執(zhí)行過(guò) timerFunc(nextTickHandler, 0)這個(gè)函數(shù),為true說(shuō)明執(zhí)行過(guò) timeFunc函數(shù),接著定義nextTickHandler函數(shù),該函數(shù)的作用是依次遍歷數(shù)組callbacks保存的函數(shù),依次執(zhí)行;

請(qǐng)看源代碼如下:

function nextTickHandler () {
 pending = false
 const copies = callbacks.slice(0)
 callbacks.length = 0
 for (let i = 0; i < copies.length; i++) {
 copies[i]()
 }
}

然后就是三個(gè)判斷了,代碼如下:

if (typeof Promise !== 'undefined' && isNative(Promise)) {
 var p = Promise.resolve();
 var logError = err => { console.error(err) }
 timerFunc = () => {
 p.then(nextTickHandler).catch(logError);
} else if (typeof MutationObserver !== 'undefined' && (
 isNative(MutationObserver) ||
 // PhantomJS and iOS 7.x
 MutationObserver.toString() === '[object MutationObserverConstructor]'
)){
 var counter = 1
 var observer = new MutationObserver(nextTickHandler)
 var textNode = document.createTextNode(String(counter))
 observer.observe(textNode, {
 characterData: true
 })
 timerFunc = () => {
 counter = (counter + 1) % 2
 textNode.data = String(counter)
 }
} else {
 timerFunc = () => {
 setTimeout(nextTickHandler, 0)
 }
}

首先判斷是否支持Promise對(duì)象,如果支持的話,定義了timeFunc()函數(shù),為了下一步調(diào)用做準(zhǔn)備,然后繼續(xù)判斷是否支持該對(duì)象 MutationObserver,如果支持的話,創(chuàng)建一個(gè)文本節(jié)點(diǎn),監(jiān)聽(tīng)該節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)是否發(fā)生改變,如果發(fā)生改變的話,調(diào)用timerFunc函數(shù),counter值會(huì)在0/1切換,如果值改變了的話,把該數(shù)據(jù)值賦值到data屬性上面去,那么data屬性發(fā)生改變了,就會(huì)重新渲染頁(yè)面(因?yàn)関ue是通過(guò)Object.defineProperty來(lái)監(jiān)聽(tīng)屬性值是否發(fā)生改變),如果上面兩種情況都不滿足的話,那么直接使用setTimeout來(lái)執(zhí)行nextTickHandler函數(shù)了;

最后nextTick代碼返回一個(gè)函數(shù),代碼如下:

return function queueNextTick (cb?: Function, ctx?: Object) {
 let _resolve
 callbacks.push(() => {
 if (cb) {
  try {
  cb.call(ctx)
  } catch (e) {
  handleError(e, ctx, 'nextTick')
  }
 } else if (_resolve) {
  _resolve(ctx)
 }
 })
 if (!pending) {
 pending = true
 timerFunc()
 }
 if (!cb && typeof Promise !== 'undefined') {
 return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  _resolve = resolve
 })
 }
}

代碼的含義是:傳入的cb是否是函數(shù),ctx參數(shù)是否是一個(gè)對(duì)象,如果cb是一個(gè)函數(shù)的話,使用cb.call(ctx), 如果timerFunc沒(méi)有執(zhí)行過(guò)的話,那么pending為false,因此執(zhí)行 timerFunc()函數(shù)?;镜乃悸肪褪沁@樣的。

以上就是本文的全部?jī)?nèi)容,希望對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助,也希望大家多多支持創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)。


本文標(biāo)題:Vue中之nextTick函數(shù)源碼分析詳解
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