k8s如何使用emptyDir,hostPath,nfs,pv,pvc做存儲(chǔ)

本篇文章為大家展示了k8s如何使用emptyDir,hostPath,nfs,pv,pvc做存儲(chǔ)，內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)明扼要并且容易理解，絕對(duì)能使你眼前一亮，通過(guò)這篇文章的詳細(xì)介紹希望你能有所收獲。

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存儲(chǔ)卷三種方式：emptyDir，gitRepo，hostPath

emptyDir：一個(gè)pod創(chuàng)建兩個(gè)容器,一個(gè)pod提供請(qǐng)求服務(wù),另一個(gè)pod提供文件存儲(chǔ),pod刪除,存儲(chǔ)卷就刪除。

gitRepo：使用docker鏡像提供存儲(chǔ)

hostPath：宿主機(jī)路徑,pod刪除,存儲(chǔ)卷還在(在多個(gè)node節(jié)點(diǎn)要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建路徑)

nfs：使用共享存儲(chǔ)(多個(gè)pod要在共享存儲(chǔ)中創(chuàng)建多個(gè)目錄)

幫助：

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl explain pods.spec.volumes.persistentVolumeClaim --pvc幫助

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl explain pods.spec.volumes --查看幫助

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl explain pv --pv幫助

1.使用emptyDir做存儲(chǔ)(兩個(gè)pod,一個(gè)做存儲(chǔ),一個(gè)提供服務(wù))

[root@k8s1 ~]# vim 11.yaml

apiVersion: v1

kind: Pod

metadata:

namespace: default

labels:

app: myapp

tier: frontend

spec:

containers:

- name: myapp --定義一個(gè)容器

image: ikubernetes/myapp:v1

imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent

ports:

- name: http

containerPort: 80

volumeMounts:

- name: html

mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html --myapp容器html卷掛載到/usr/share/nginx/html(是nginx默認(rèn)路徑)

- name: busybox

image: busybox:latest

imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent

volumeMounts:

- name: html --busybox容器將html卷掛載到/data

mountPath: /data/

command: ["/bin/sh","-c","while true;do echo $(date) >> /data/index.html;sleep 2;done"]

volumes: --定義一個(gè)html卷

- name: html

emptyDir: {}

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl apply -f 11.yaml

pod/pod-demo created

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide

NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES

pod-demo 2/2 Running 0 103s 10.244.1.13 k8s2

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl exec -it pod-demo -c busybox -- /bin/sh

/ # cat /data/index.html

Fri Feb 22 09:39:53 UTC 2019

Fri Feb 22 09:39:55 UTC 2019

Fri Feb 22 09:39:57 UTC 2019

Fri Feb 22 09:39:59 UTC 2019

[root@k8s1 ~]# curl http://10.244.1.13

Fri Feb 22 09:39:53 UTC 2019

Fri Feb 22 09:39:55 UTC 2019

Fri Feb 22 09:39:57 UTC 2019

Fri Feb 22 09:39:59 UTC 2019

Fri Feb 22 09:40:01 UTC 2019

Fri Feb 22 09:40:03 UTC 2019

Fri Feb 22 09:40:05 UTC 2019

[root@k8s1 ~]#

2.使用hostPath做存儲(chǔ)(如果node節(jié)點(diǎn)宕機(jī),pod訪(fǎng)問(wèn)宕機(jī)node的數(shù)據(jù)就不存在了)

node1節(jié)點(diǎn)：

[root@k8s2 ~]# mkdir -p /data/pod

[root@k8s2 ~]# cat /data/pod/index.html --為了區(qū)分node節(jié)點(diǎn),將文件內(nèi)容寫(xiě)不一樣

node1

[root@k8s2 ~]#

node2節(jié)點(diǎn):

[root@k8s3 ~]# mkdir -p /data/pod

[root@k8s3 ~]# cat /data/pod/index.html

node2

[root@k8s3 ~]#

master節(jié)點(diǎn)：

[root@k8s1 ~]# vim 12.yaml

apiVersion: v1

kind: Pod

metadata:

namespace: default

spec:

containers:

- name: myapp

image: ikubernetes/myapp:v1

volumeMounts:

- name: html --使用html卷存儲(chǔ)

mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html --nginx網(wǎng)頁(yè)根目錄

volumes:

- name: html

hostPath:

path: /data/pod/ --html卷的路徑(對(duì)應(yīng)的node節(jié)點(diǎn)新建目錄,pod在哪個(gè)node上就要新建)

type: DirectoryOrCreate

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide

NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES

pod-demo 2/2 Running 0 64m 10.244.1.13 k8s2

pod-vol-hostpath 1/1 Running 0 4s 10.244.2.22 k8s3

[root@k8s1 ~]# curl http://10.244.2.22 --pod在node2節(jié)點(diǎn)上,所以訪(fǎng)問(wèn)的是node2的網(wǎng)頁(yè),如果在node1就是node1的內(nèi)容

node2

[root@k8s1 ~]#

3.使用nfs共享存儲(chǔ)

nfs存儲(chǔ):

[root@liutie1 ~]# mkdir /data/v6

[root@liutie1 ~]# vim /etc/exports

/data/v6 172.16.8.0/24(rw,no_root_squash)

[root@liutie1 ~]# systemctl restart nfs

[root@liutie1 ~]# exportfs -arv

exporting 172.16.8.0/24:/data/v6

[root@liutie1 ~]# showmount -e

Export list for liutie1:

/data/v6 172.16.8.0/24

[root@liutie1 ~]#

k8s節(jié)點(diǎn):

[root@k8s1 ~]# mkdir /data/v6 --創(chuàng)建共享目錄

[root@k8s1 ~]# mount.nfs 172.16.8.108:/data/v6 /data/v6 --測(cè)試手動(dòng)掛載

[root@k8s1 ~]# umount /data/v6

[root@k8s1 ~]# vim nfs.yaml

apiVersion: v1

kind: Pod

metadata:

namespace: default

spec:

containers:

- name: pod-nfs

image: ikubernetes/myapp:v1

volumeMounts:

- name: html1

mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html

volumes:

- name: html1

nfs:

path: /data/v6

server: 172.16.8.108

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl apply -f nfs.yaml

pod/pod-vol-nfs created

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide

NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES

pod-vol-nfs 1/1 Running 0 2m21s 10.244.1.78 k8s2

[root@k8s1 ~]#

在nfs存儲(chǔ)創(chuàng)建文件

[root@liutie1 ~]# cd /data/v6/

[root@liutie1 v6]# cat index.html

nfs store

[root@liutie1 v6]#

在k8s節(jié)點(diǎn)打開(kāi)網(wǎng)頁(yè)

[root@k8s1 ~]# curl 10.244.1.78 --pod的ip地址

nfs store

[root@k8s1 ~]#

4.使用nfs共享存儲(chǔ)(固定大小)

nfs服務(wù)器：

[root@liutie1 ~]# mkdir /data/v{1,2,3,4,5} --在存儲(chǔ)上新建目錄

[root@liutie1 ~]# yum install nfs* -y --安裝nfs

[root@liutie1 ~]# vim /etc/exports --共享目錄

/data/v1 172.16.8.0/24(rw,no_root_squash)

/data/v2 172.16.8.0/24(rw,no_root_squash)

/data/v3 172.16.8.0/24(rw,no_root_squash)

/data/v4 172.16.8.0/24(rw,no_root_squash)

/data/v5 172.16.8.0/24(rw,no_root_squash)

[root@liutie1 ~]# exportfs -arv

exporting 172.16.8.0/24:/data/v5

exporting 172.16.8.0/24:/data/v4

exporting 172.16.8.0/24:/data/v3

exporting 172.16.8.0/24:/data/v2

exporting 172.16.8.0/24:/data/v1

[root@liutie1 ~]# showmount -e

Export list for liutie1:

/data/v5 172.16.8.0/24

/data/v4 172.16.8.0/24

/data/v3 172.16.8.0/24

/data/v2 172.16.8.0/24

/data/v1 172.16.8.0/24

[root@liutie1 ~]#

node各節(jié)點(diǎn)：

[root@k8s2 ~]# yum install nfs-common nfs-utils -y --所有node節(jié)點(diǎn)必須安裝nfs-utils軟件包,否則會(huì)出錯(cuò)

master節(jié)點(diǎn)：

[root@k8s1 ~]# yum install -y nfs-utils

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl explain PersistentVolume --幫助信息

[root@k8s1 ~]# vim pv.yaml --將遠(yuǎn)程的nfs目錄轉(zhuǎn)換成pv

apiVersion: v1

kind: PersistentVolume

metadata:

labels:

spec:

nfs:

path: /data/v1

server: 172.16.8.108

accessModes: ["ReadWriteMany","ReadWriteOnce"]

capacity:

storage: 5Gi

---

apiVersion: v1

kind: PersistentVolume

metadata:

labels:

spec:

nfs:

path: /data/v2

server: 172.16.8.108

accessModes: ["ReadWriteMany","ReadWriteOnce"]

capacity:

storage: 15Gi

---

apiVersion: v1

kind: PersistentVolume

metadata:

labels:

spec:

nfs:

path: /data/v3

server: 172.16.8.108

accessModes: ["ReadWriteMany","ReadWriteOnce"]

capacity:

storage: 1Gi

---

apiVersion: v1

kind: PersistentVolume

metadata:

labels:

spec:

nfs:

path: /data/v4

server: 172.16.8.108

accessModes: ["ReadWriteMany","ReadWriteOnce"]

capacity:

storage: 20Gi

---

apiVersion: v1

kind: PersistentVolume

metadata:

labels:

spec:

nfs:

path: /data/v5

server: 172.16.8.108

accessModes: ["ReadWriteMany","ReadWriteOnce"]

capacity:

storage: 13Gi

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl apply -f pv.yaml --生成pv

persistentvolume/pv001 created

persistentvolume/pv002 created

persistentvolume/pv003 created

persistentvolume/pv004 created

persistentvolume/pv005 created

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl get pv --查看pv

NAME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES RECLAIM POLICY STATUS CLAIM STORAGECLASS REASON AGE

pv001 5Gi RWO,RWX Retain Available 2m40s

pv002 15Gi RWO,RWX Retain Available 2m40s

pv003 1Gi RWO,RWX Retain Available 2m40s

pv004 20Gi RWO,RWX Retain Available 2m40s

pv005 13Gi RWO,RWX Retain Available 2m40s

[root@k8s1 ~]# vim pvc.yaml --創(chuàng)建pvc,pvc的大小為6G

apiVersion: v1

kind: PersistentVolumeClaim

metadata:

namespace: default --定義一個(gè)mypvc名字的pvc

spec:

accessModes: ["ReadWriteMany"]

resources:

requests:

storage: 6Gi

---

apiVersion: v1

kind: Pod --定義一個(gè)pod,pod使用pvc

metadata:

namespace: default

spec:

containers:

- name: myapp

image: ikubernetes/myapp:v1

volumeMounts:

- name: html --使用mypvc存儲(chǔ)

mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html

volumes:

- name: html

persistentVolumeClaim:

claimName: mypvc --引用上面的mypvc

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl apply -f pvc.yaml

persistentvolumeclaim/mypvc created

pod/pod-vol-pvc created

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl get pv

NAME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES RECLAIM POLICY STATUS CLAIM STORAGECLASS REASON AGE

pv001 5Gi RWO,RWX Retain Available 8m31s

pv002 15Gi RWO,RWX Retain Available 8m31s

pv003 1Gi RWO,RWX Retain Available 8m31s

pv004 20Gi RWO,RWX Retain Available 8m31s

pv005 13Gi RWO,RWX Retain Bound default/mypvc 8m31s --Bound表示使用

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl get pvc

NAME STATUS VOLUME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES STORAGECLASS AGE

mypvc Bound pv005 13Gi RWO,RWX 2m31s --使用了pv005的mypvc存儲(chǔ)卷

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl get pods

NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE

pod-demo 2/2 Running 0 141m

pod-vol-hostpath 1/1 Running 0 77m

pod-vol-pvc 1/1 Running 0 4s

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl describe pods pod-vol-pvc --查看詳細(xì)信息

上述內(nèi)容就是k8s如何使用emptyDir,hostPath,nfs,pv,pvc做存儲(chǔ)，你們學(xué)到知識(shí)或技能了嗎？如果還想學(xué)到更多技能或者豐富自己的知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備，歡迎關(guān)注創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)行業(yè)資訊頻道。

本文題目：k8s如何使用emptyDir,hostPath,nfs,pv,pvc做存儲(chǔ)
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k8s如何使用emptyDir,hostPath,nfs,pv,pvc做存儲(chǔ)

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