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Java編程基礎(chǔ)階段筆記day04Java基礎(chǔ)語法(下)

day04 Java基礎(chǔ)語法 (下)

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筆記Notes要點(diǎn)

  • switch-case語句注意

  • switch-case題目(switchTest5)

  • 循環(huán)執(zhí)行順序

  • if-else 實(shí)現(xiàn)3個(gè)整數(shù)排序

  • String字符串比較

  • 循環(huán)四要素

  • 打印九九乘法表

  • 特殊關(guān)鍵字continue、break

  • switch(表達(dá)式) 表達(dá)式里僅支持 byte、short、char、int、枚舉、String(jdk1.7后)

switch(表達(dá)式){

??????? case 常量1:

????????????執(zhí)行語句1;

????????????break;

??????? case 常量2:

????????????執(zhí)行語句2;

????????????break;

????????......

????????default:

????????????執(zhí)行語句n;

????????????break;

????????}

  • case 后面只能跟常量,default是可選的。如果都沒有匹配成功則執(zhí)行default中的執(zhí)行語句。default的位置是靈活的。

  • switch-case和if-else可以替換,switch-case效率高一些

/*

從鍵盤分別輸入年、月、日,判斷這一天是當(dāng)年的第幾天

???注:判斷一年是否是閏年的標(biāo)準(zhǔn):

???????1)可以被4整除,但不可被100整除

????或

???????2)可以被400整除

*/

import java.util.Scanner;

public class SwitchTest5{

????public static void main(String[] args){

????????//1.讀取數(shù)據(jù)

????????Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);

????????System.out.println("請輸入年份");

????????int year = sc.nextInt();

????????System.out.println("請輸入月份");

????????int month = sc.nextInt();

????????System.out.println("請輸入日期");

????????int day = sc.nextInt();

????????int sumDay = 0; //用來統(tǒng)計(jì)當(dāng)年的總天數(shù)

????????//2.統(tǒng)計(jì)天數(shù)

????????switch(month){

????????case 4:

????????????sumDay += 31;

????????case 3:

????????????//判斷當(dāng)年是否是閏年

????????????if((year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0) || (year % 400 == 0)){

????????????????sumDay += 29;

????????????}else{

????????????????sumDay += 28;

????????????}

????????case 2:

????????????sumDay??+= 31;

????????case 1:

????????????sumDay += day;

????????}

????????//3.輸出

????????System.out.println(year + "年" + month + "月" + day + "日是當(dāng)年的第" + sumDay + "天");

????}

}

/*

????編寫程序:由鍵盤輸入三個(gè)整數(shù)分別存入變量num1、num2、num3,

????對它們進(jìn)行排序(使用 if-else if-else),并且從小到大輸出。

*/

import java.util.Scanner;

public class IfTest

{

????public static void main(String[] args){

????????Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);

????????System.out.println("請輸入三個(gè)數(shù)字");

????????int num1,num2,num3;

????????num1 = sc.nextInt();

????????num2 = sc.nextInt();

????????num3 = sc.nextInt();

????????if(num1>num2){

????????????if(num3>num1){//num3最大

??????????????? System.out.println("小到大:"+ num2 +" "+ num1 +" "+ num3);

????????????}else if(num3

??????????????? System.out.print("小到大:"+ num3 + " " + num2 + " " + num1);

????????????}else{

??????????????? System.out.println("小到大:"+ num2 + " " + num3 + " " + num1);

????????????}

????????}else{//num1

????????????if(num3>num2){//num3最大

??????????????? System.out.println("小到大:"+ num1 + " "+ num2 + " "+ num3);

????????????}else if(num3

??????????????? System.out.println("小到大:"+ num3 + " " + num1 + " " + num2);

????????????}else{

??????????????? System.out.println("小到大:"+ num1 + " " + num3 + " " + num2);

????????????}

????????}

????}

}

    • String字符串比較

String str = new String("帥");

????????//判斷帥不帥

????????System.out.println("帥" ==??str); //這樣不能比字符串的內(nèi)容

????????boolean handsome = "帥".equals(str); //比較的是字符串的內(nèi)容 - 如果內(nèi)容相同返回true否則返回false

    • switch使用小技巧

對學(xué)生成績大于60分的,輸出“合格”。低于60分的,輸出“不合格”

switch(score / 60){

????????

????????case 0:

????????????System.out.println("不合格");

????????????break;

????????case 1:

????????????System.out.println("合格");

????????????break;

  • 編寫程序:輸入月,日,輸出第幾天

/*

4. 編寫程序:從鍵盤上輸入2019年的“month”和“day”,要求通過程序輸出輸入的日期為2019年的第幾天。

*/

import java.util.Scanner;

public class SwitchTest4{

????public static void main(String[] args){

????

????????//1.讀取數(shù)據(jù)

????????Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);

????????System.out.println("請輸入月份");

????????int month = sc.nextInt();

????????System.out.println("請輸入日期");

????????int day = sc.nextInt();

????????int sumDay = 0; //用來統(tǒng)計(jì)當(dāng)年的總天數(shù)

????

????????//2.統(tǒng)計(jì)天數(shù)

????????switch(month){

????????/*

????????case 1:

????????????sumDay = day;

????????????break;

????????case 2:

????????????sumDay = day + 31;

????????????break;

????????case 3:

????????????sumDay = day + 31 + 28;

????????????break;

????????case 4:

????????????sumDay = day + 31 + 28 + 31;

????????????break;

????????*/

????????case 4:

????????????sumDay += 31;

????????????

????????case 3:

??????????? sumDay += 28; //賦值和+=完全不一樣。sumDay += 28 : 除了sumDay原來的天數(shù)再額外加上28

????????????

????????case 2:

????????????sumDay??+= 31; // sumDay = sumDay + 31

????????????

????????case 1:

????????????sumDay += day;

????

????????}

????????//3.輸出

????????System.out.println("2019年" + month + "月" + day + "日是當(dāng)年的第" + sumDay + "天");

????}

}

  • 編寫程序:輸入年,月,日,輸出第幾天

/*

從鍵盤分別輸入年、月、日,判斷這一天是當(dāng)年的第幾天

???注:判斷一年是否是閏年的標(biāo)準(zhǔn):

???????1)可以被4整除,但不可被100整除

????或

???????2)可以被400整除

*/

import java.util.Scanner;

public class SwitchTest4

{

????public static void main(String[] args){

????????Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);

??????? System.out.println("請輸入年份:");

????????int year = sc.nextInt();

??????? System.out.println("請輸入月份:");

????????int month = sc.nextInt();

??????? System.out.println("請輸入天數(shù):");

????????int day = sc.nextInt();

????????int sumDay = 0;

????????switch(month){

????????????case 12:

????????????????sumDay += 30;

????????????case 11:

????????????????sumDay += 31;

????????????case 10:

????????????????sumDay += 30;

????????????case 9:

????????????????sumDay += 31;

????????????case 8:

????????????????sumDay += 31;

????????????case 7:

????????????????sumDay += 30;

????????????case 6:

????????????????sumDay += 31;

????????????case 5:

????????????????sumDay += 30;

????????????case 4:

????????????????sumDay += 31;

????????????case 3:

????????????????// 28或 29

????????????????if((year%4==0&&year%100!=0)||year % 400 ==0){//閏年

????????????????????sumDay += 29;

????????????????}else{

????????????????????sumDay += 28;

????????????????}

????????????case 2:

????????????????sumDay += 31;

????????????case 1:

????????????????sumDay += day;

????????????????break;

????????}

????????System.out.println(year+"年" + month + "月" + day + "日是當(dāng)年的第" + sumDay + "天");

????}

}

  • 循環(huán)四要素

循環(huán)的四個(gè)部分:

????????1.初始化條件

????????2.循環(huán)條件

????????3.循環(huán)體

????????4.迭代條件

  • 打印九九乘法表

/*

1*1=1

1*2=2 2*2=4

1*3=3 2*3=6 3*3=9

打印九九乘法表

*/

public class c99

{

????public static void main(String[] args){

????????int i,j;

????????for(i=1;i<=9;i++){//9行

????????????for(j=1;j<=i;j++){

????????????????System.out.print(j + "*" +i+" = "+ i*j +" ");

????????????}

????????????System.out.println();

????????}

????}

}

  • 特殊關(guān)鍵字continue、break

    • break用于 switch-case語句與循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)中,表示結(jié)束當(dāng)前case語句,結(jié)束循環(huán)語句

    • continue,用于 循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)? 表示結(jié)束當(dāng)此循環(huán)。

    • 在嵌套循環(huán)中break結(jié)束的包含該語句的循環(huán)語句,對外層循環(huán)無作用

    • 在嵌套循環(huán)中continue跳出的是包含他的循環(huán)語句的當(dāng)次循環(huán),不跳出

  • 嵌套循環(huán)中如何使用內(nèi)部循環(huán)的break結(jié)束外層循環(huán)

可以給循環(huán)命名,break + 循環(huán)名字

總結(jié)Summary

  • if-else實(shí)現(xiàn)三個(gè)整數(shù)排序

  • 打印九九乘法表

  • break,continue使用注意事項(xiàng)


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